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CADSmith: Multi-Agent CAD Generation with Programmatic Geometric Validation

arXiv 2026 64.8 method

TLDR

A multi-agent pipeline for text-to-CAD generation using CadQuery code with iterative refinement via programmatic geometric validation from OpenCASCADE.

Reasoning

The paper introduces a novel closed-loop refinement approach combining exact geometric measurements with visual assessment, achieving strong quantitative improvements over a zero-shot baseline. However, the evaluation uses a custom benchmark and only compares against a single baseline, limiting generalizability.

Read-first score

Read-first score 64.8, weighted from topical fit, citation, graph, method, reproducibility, and recency signals. Original total remains 94.

Recency 8%
100

Uses a gentle age decay so recent papers surface without erasing older foundations. 2026

Methodology quality 25%
90

Screens visible abstract and analysis fields for experiment, dataset, baseline, metric, and limitation evidence. markers=ablation,baseline,benchmark,metric,validation

Topical relevance 42%
58.8

Uses existing LLM keyword relevance scores normalized to 0-100. AI for CAD,computer-aided design,neural CAD,generative CAD,parametric CAD,B-Rep,boundary representation,constructive solid geometry,CSG,sketch extrusion,CAD generation,CAD reconstruction,text-to-CAD,image-to-CAD,point cloud to CAD,CAD program

Reproducibility 25%
38

Screens links and visible text for paper, code, dataset, artifact, and repository signals. pdf=True; code=False; dataset=False; markers=code

Field roles

FrontierMethodology anchor

Rank sensitivity

Stability: volatile; rank range: 10.

Keyword Scores

text-to-CAD
10
CAD generation
9
AI for CAD
8
generative CAD
8
parametric CAD
8
CAD program
8
computer-aided design
7
B-Rep
6
boundary representation
6
neural CAD
5
constructive solid geometry
5
CSG
5
CAD reconstruction
5
sketch extrusion
4
image-to-CAD
0
point cloud to CAD
0

Deep Analysis

Innovations

  • Multi-agent pipeline with nested correction loops: inner loop for execution errors, outer loop for programmatic geometric validation
  • Programmatic geometric validation combining exact OpenCASCADE kernel measurements (bounding box, volume, solid validity) with holistic visual assessment from a vision-language model Judge
  • Retrieval-augmented generation over API documentation instead of fine-tuning to adapt to evolving CAD libraries

Methodology

CADSmith is a multi-agent system that generates CadQuery code from natural language prompts and iteratively refines it through two nested loops: an inner loop resolves execution errors, and an outer loop performs programmatic geometric validation using exact measurements from the OpenCASCADE kernel and a vision-language model Judge. It uses retrieval-augmented generation over API documentation to stay current with the CAD library.

Key Results

On a 100-prompt benchmark across three difficulty tiers, CADSmith achieves 100% execution rate, median F1 0.9846, median IoU 0.9629, and mean Chamfer Distance 0.74, substantially outperforming a zero-shot baseline.

Tags

AI